




Facts
Physical effects of hallucinogen use include dilated pupils, sweating, insomnia, loss of appetite, tremors; and increased body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. According to a 1985 report by the Minnesota Institute for Public Health and drug prevention resource center, 5,000 adults in the United States try cocaine for the first time each day. Controversies Over Court-Ordered Treatment: Court-ordered treatment and the use of court authority from the criminal justice system has sparked controversy. Community treatment providers often think about drug treatment and law-enforcement control of drug use as opposites. In this view, treatment stands on one side as "the good guys," and law-enforcement control stands on the other side. In fact, many community treatment providers believe that law-enforcement authorities disrupt the relationship between the drug offender and the program offering treatment. However, research shows a much different picture. Drug offenders under criminal justice authority generally remain in treatment longer and as a result have better treatment outcomes. Another reason for controversy is that many community drug- treatment providers believe that substance abusers should enter treatment voluntarily. They believe that a person must want to stop using drugs, and that forcing a reluctant person to enter treatment has little chance of ending drug use. Others have felt uneasy about the reliance of health agencies on the criminal justice system to change drug abusers' behavior. Another concern is that drug testing may in some cases violate the civil rights of someone on probation for a drug offense. Despite controversy, drug treatment provided in the criminal justice system has had enough success to justify a continuing effort to improve the policy. The 1998 “Monitoring the Future Study,” a national survey commissioned by the National Institute of Drug Abuse and implemented by the Institute of Social Research shows that 8th, 10th and 12th graders are all much more likely to have used alcohol in the past 30 days, or the past year, than they are to have smoked marijuana or used any other illicit drug. In 1998, 44% of 8th graders, 63% of 10th graders, and 74% of 12th graders experimented with alcohol. This compares to the 17% of 8th graders, 31% of 10th graders and 38% of 12th graders who experimented with marijuana. |
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Therapeutic Community
An effective therapeutic community attends to the many needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use. Care given at a therapeutic community addresses the individual's drug use and associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems. Also, a therapeutic community will continue to be flexible and provide ongoing assessments of the individual's needs, which may change during the course of care.
Remaining in care at a therapeutic community for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most people, the significant improvement is reached at about 3 months in treatment.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
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