




Facts
The economic cost to society from alcohol and drug abuse was $246 billion in 1992. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism cost an estimated $148 billion, while drug abuse and dependence cost an estimated $98 billion. The 1992 estimates for alcohol were 42 percent higher than the 1985 estimate (taking into account increases due to population growth and inflation). Body packers or stuffers: People smuggle the processed cocaine across international borders. They often swallow drug-filled packets or stuff them into body openings such as the vagina or rectum. The "body packer" or "mule" can carry 50 to 200 tightly wrapped condoms or latex bags filled with high-grade cocaine hydrochloride. If the containers break or leak, the cocaine can be absorbed by the person's body. Most mules have no symptoms and may be apprehended by an astute official who notices some suspicious behavior. Some will become acutely ill when the packets leak or rupture resulting in massive intoxication, seizures, and death. A similar problem may occur with "body stuffers." These are cocaine users or traffickers who swallow bags of cocaine when arrested so there is no evidence. Common nicknames for meth include "crank", "meth", "ice", "crystal", "tina", "glass", "P","shabu" or "syabu" (Philippines), and "yaa baa" (Thailand). Methamphetamine is sometimes referred to as "speed", but this term is usually used for regular amphetamine or dextroamphetamine. The most commonly used drug, Dextromethorphan (DXM), is accessible in cough syrup (DXM makes up 80% of most cough medicines), is available in a powder form over the Internet, and is found in more than 125 OTC products. Some might argue that because DXM is a key provider of cold symptom relief, it can hardly be considered harmful. Over usage of a DXM product can cause hallucinations, impaired judgment, loss of coordination, nausea, hot flashes, and dissociation. An even scarier thought is that the amount of student abusers in local middle schools and high schools is 6-9% of these student populations. A child using OTC drugs doesn't necessarily reflect a bad image of the parent, but not staying involved in his or her life does. Problems such as these cannot be directly blamed on parents or guardians because, after all, it is up to the child to take the medicines. Even though their children are ultimately responsible for their own actions, parents should be doing absolutely everything in their power to keep them clear of OTC drug abuse. According to researchers, "parents are the anti-drugs" (The National Institute on Drug Abuse). This means that parents can make a difference in their child's decisions, such as: talking to your child, keeping a safe home (and medicine cabinet), and monitoring pill amounts and Internet use for any unsupervised purchases. |
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Abstinence
Abstinence is the act or practice of refraining from indulging a desire. The type of abstinence we are referring to here is abstinence from drugs and alcohol. This term has two connotations when it comes to abstaining from drugs. The first refers to drug or alcohol treatment programs that aim to help an individual stop using drugs or alcohol for the rest of their lives. The time abstinence is also used in drug education and prevention. It refers to trying to stop children from ever using drugs.
Therapeutic Community
An effective therapeutic community attends to the many needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use. Care given at a therapeutic community addresses the individual's drug use and associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems. Also, a therapeutic community will continue to be flexible and provide ongoing assessments of the individual's needs, which may change during the course of care.
Remaining in care at a therapeutic community for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most people, the significant improvement is reached at about 3 months in treatment.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
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