




Facts
The primary long-term concern of those who use hydromorphone is the risk of addiction. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has determined that persons who become addicted to hydromorphone and other narcotic analgesics are at increased risk of convulsion, overdose, and death. Persons with a history of drug abuse of any kind should not receive hydromorphone unless absolutely necessary because of the great potential for addiction. Hydromorphone can become addictive for anyone who has received doses higher than those prescribed by a doctor and in those who use the drug for recreational purposes. In addition, those who receive the drug at prescribed levels for a lengthy period are at a relatively slight increased risk of addiction. Tolerance refers to a state in which the drug user becomes less sensitive to the drug's effects over time. The user must take larger amounts of the drug to produce the desired effect. Tolerance comes about because of physiological changes in the nervous system, but it is also strongly influenced by learning. This means that the user has learned to perform certain tasks while under the influence of the drug. For example, a drug that when first used makes the user sleepy will no longer have that effect after the drug has been used for a while. The individual is said to tolerate the drug because certain normal activities, such as household chores or work-related activities, can be performed even while the individual is under the influence of the drug. Furthermore, tolerance to some effects of a drug does not mean tolerance to all effects of a drug. As a user increases the dose to continue to achieve what he or she perceives as the original pleasurable effects of the drug, the chance for other dangerous side effects may also be increased at the higher dose. Know the law. Cocaine—in any form—is illegal. The affect of heroin on the body is dependent on the method of administration. Heroin can be taken orally, which is metabolized into morphine before crossing the blood-brain barrier; snorted, which results in onset within 10 to 15 minutes; smoked, which has immediate effects; intravenously injected, which results in rush and euphoria within 7 to 8 seconds; and, intramuscularly injected which takes longer but results in onset within 5 to 8 minutes. Finally, heroin can kill. Of all reported drug abuse deaths, heroin is one of the top two most frequent. As with any drug addiction and physical dependency, withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced or stopped. |
Drug Side Effects
Drug addiction and abuse comes with a heavy price. There are drastic drug side effects associated with drug misuse and abuse. Drug side effects from legal and illegal drugs can range from mild itching to comas and death. In addition to the physical drug side effects mentioned, there are many psychological drug side effects of drug abuse; the most serious being drug addiction and overdose.
Abstinence
Abstinence is the act or practice of refraining from indulging a desire. The type of abstinence we are referring to here is abstinence from drugs and alcohol. This term has two connotations when it comes to abstaining from drugs. The first refers to drug or alcohol treatment programs that aim to help an individual stop using drugs or alcohol for the rest of their lives. The time abstinence is also used in drug education and prevention. It refers to trying to stop children from ever using drugs.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
Residential Treatment
Residential treatment offers intensive drug addiction help over a period of weeks or months. This form of treatment has some advantages over out-patient treatment, although it may not be suitable for everyone. For example, those who are responsible for caring for young children may be better suited to attendance at an out patient treatment program. Residential treatment offers a safe, drug and alcohol-free environment where individuals can confront their own drug addiction and associated issues, with the help of qualified staff. Therapy usually consists of a mixture of group counseling, individual counseling and an introduction to the principles of a drug recovery program.
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