




Facts
By the early 1990s, some evidence indicated that MDMA might damage nerve cells. In laboratory experiments, MDMA can produce long-lasting changes in the function of neurons that use serotonin as the neurotransmitter, sometimes causing the death of these cells. Even though LSD also interacts with serotonergic nerve cells, the administration of massive doses of LSD does not damage these cells. In contrast, in experimental animals, a single dose of MDMA approximately three times higher than the typical street dose has been shown to affect brain serotonergic systems for several weeks. In some studies, neurochemical markers did not return to normal until one year after drug administration. Moreover, it is not clear whether there was actual regeneration of neurons or only compensatory changes in the remaining undamaged neurons. In these experiments, the neurotoxic effects of MDMA appear to depend on total exposure. Both the dose taken and the number of times the drug is consumed may be related to brain-cell changes. The exact mechanism of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity is unknown at this time and may be due to MDMA itself, or it could involve the formation of a neurotoxic metabolite. Drinking any kind of alcohol when you are pregnant can hurt your baby. Alcoholic drinks are beer, wine, wine coolers, liquor, or mixed drinks. A glass of wine, a can of beer, and a mixed drink all have about the same amount of alcohol. The euphoria that drugs produce is usually what causes addiction. This is produced by the nucleus accumbens which is considered the pleasure center of the brain. Dopamine is used by this center to cause the euphoria drug users enjoy. The particulars of dopamine use by the body, varies depending on the drug utilized. Constant use of the drug means that the body requires, more and more stimulation, this leads to dependence. In order to produce feelings of euphoria, one needs more and more of the drug. Withdrawal syndrome is characterized by dysphoria which is the opposite of euphoria- sadness. Symptoms of withdrawal include: Depression, anxiety, and craving. The intense activity by ecstasy users at dance parties and raves contributes to the effect of the drug and results in profuse sweating and dehydration. A loss of bodily salt combined with rapidly drinking large quantities of water can result in a fluid imbalance that leads to epilepsy-like seizures or a compression of a part of the brain that regulates breathing or circulation. Salt and fluid depletion in combination with the intense activity and elevated body temperature often associated with ecstasy use can break down skeletal muscle cells, eventually leading to kidney damage and failure. |
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
Drug Overdose
A drug overdose occurs when you consume more drugs than your body can tolerate. Drug users are constantly flirting with the risk of a drug overdose. There is a
fine line between the high they're seeking and serious injury or death. While many victims of drug overdose recover without long term effects, there
can be serious consequences. Some drug overdoses cause the failure of major
organs like the kidneys or liver, or failure of whole systems like the
respiratory or circulatory systems. Patients who survive drug overdose may need
kidney dialysis, kidney or liver transplant, or ongoing care as a result of
heart failure, stroke, or coma. Death can occur in almost any drug overdose
situation, particularly if treatment is not started immediately.
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Drug Side Effects
Drug addiction and abuse comes with a heavy price. There are drastic drug side effects associated with drug misuse and abuse. Drug side effects from legal and illegal drugs can range from mild itching to comas and death. In addition to the physical drug side effects mentioned, there are many psychological drug side effects of drug abuse; the most serious being drug addiction and overdose.
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
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