




Facts
Ketamine was developed as a tranquilizer, or anesthetic, for veterinarians to use on animals. It was approved for animal and human use in 1970. On occasion, the drug has been used to treat children with major burns... an example of a legal use for this drug. Today, however, there is some illegal use among teens and young adults. More than one third of pedestrians killed by automobiles were legally drunk. Most heroin addicts will identify their favorite drug as nicotine. Researchers asked heroin addicts, “What drug do you need the most"” from a list including heroin, nicotine, marijuana, amphetamine, barbiturates, LSD, and alcohol. They chose nicotine over all other drugs. Heroin addicts say they needed nicotine the most to cope. Despite successful treatment for their dependency of alcohol and/or drugs, most of these patients will not quit smoking, and most will die from tobacco-related illnesses. Research observed the mortality rate of these patients to be 48.1%, much higher than the expected normal mortality rate of 18.5%. From a clinical point of view, tobacco dependency is the most lethal and the most difficult addiction to control. Long Term Alcohol Abuse Effects. A chronic, excessive, and abusive drinker may experience brain effects that remain a relatively long time period after he or she stops drinking and attains sobriety. The exact length of time that these negative effects will last depends on a number of variables and the probability of reversing the negative effects of excessive drinking on the brain continues to be a hotly debated issue in the alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction community. |
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Therapeutic Community
An effective therapeutic community attends to the many needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use. Care given at a therapeutic community addresses the individual's drug use and associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems. Also, a therapeutic community will continue to be flexible and provide ongoing assessments of the individual's needs, which may change during the course of care.
Remaining in care at a therapeutic community for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most people, the significant improvement is reached at about 3 months in treatment.
Drug Abuse
Drug abuse is defined as the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for other than medically warranted purposes. Drug abuse is a problem which has an effect on people of all income levels,
ages, and stations in life. Quite often the last person to see that there is a
problem is the drug abuser them self. Every year, more and more people become
drug addicts in their pursuit to get "high".
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