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Untitled Document
'Known Carcinogen': Alcohol
Previously a Catalyst, Now Listed as a Carcinogen
For the first time alcoholic beverages have been listed as a known human carcinogen by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in its "Report on Carcinogens" 9th edition.
The "Report" states that consumption of alcoholic beverages is causally related to cancers of the mouth pharynx larynx and esophagus and that studies indicate that the risk is most pronounced among smokers and at the highest levels of consumption.
The effect of a given level of alcoholic beverage intake on cancers of the head and neck is influenced by other factors, especially smoking, but that smoking does not explain the increased cancer hazard associated with alcoholic beverage consumption according to the report.
There is evidence that suggests a link between alcoholic beverage consumption and cancer of the liver and breast.
Potential Hazard
The report was first ordered by Congress in 1978 to educate both the public and health professionals in the recognition that many cancers are apparently induced by chemicals in the home workplace general environment and from the use of certain drugs.
It identifies "potential" cancer hazards.
A listing in the report does not by itself establish that a substance presents a cancer risk to an individual in daily life, according to press releases.
However the "known" category is reserved for those substances for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans that indicates a cause and effect relationship between the exposure and human cancer.
Epidemiologic research has shown a dose-dependent association between alcohol consumption and certain types of cancer; as alcohol consumption increases, so does risk of developing certain cancers. Previous research indicated alcohol was a possible catalyst, but not a carcinogen itself.
Facts
Hydrococone and benzodiazepines remain the primary pharmaceutical drugs abused throughout the state of Indiana. Seven interstate highway systems and twenty U.S. highways in Indiana provide interstate and intrastate links for drug trafficking, especially with the southwest border and California. Highway (automobile and trucking) and airline trafficking are the primary means of drug importation into Indiana, with busing systems as a secondary means. Xanax®, Valium®, and methadone were also identified as being among the most commonly abused and diverted pharmaceuticals in Indiana. Mexican trafficking groups have used Elkhart, Indiana, as a trans-shipment and distribution center for Mexican methamphetamine. The local methamphetamine distributors operating small toxic labs, usually constructed in barns or residential homes, sell a higher quality product with purity between 30 to 40 percent. These local Indiana labs produce enough methamphetamine for personal use and small sell amounts. The state of Indiana expanded the prescription-monitoring program to include Schedule II to Schedule V pharmaceutical controlled substances. |
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