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Children as young as third graders are beginning to experiment with drugs. There are many factors that influence drug use among children and teenagers, but there is not enough being done to prevent it. Drug abuse is defined as, the nonmedical abuse of a drug that interferes with a healthy and productive life. There are many harmful biological effects drug use can have on a person. The government does many things to try to stop drug abuse, such as making new laws and taking down suppliers, but they are clearly not doing a good job if young children can get a hold of drugs. Also, the media's portrayal of drug users is not being very helpful in the war on drugs. The problem of drug abuse among children and teenagers may be a hard one to solve, but there are certainly things we can do to stop the prevalence of it among so many minors. Many health problems, both physical and mental, can be caused from drug use. Different drugs have different effects. Kids usually get hooked onto more addicting and powerful substances with gateway drugs. Gateway drugs lead users on to a more extensive use of other addictive drugs. The most common gateway drug, marijuana, can slow down and temporarily impair motor skills, coordination, and response time will also decrease. Other drugs, such as cocaine, cause more serious health problems. Cocaine can cause anxiety and irritability. It also produces another deadly effect, which is high blood pressure. This can often lead to a stroke. Drug abuse of any kind can damage organs such as the liver, heart, and brain. Using an infected needle can cause blood poisoning or HIV/AIDS. Malnutrition occurs often in drug users, and sometimes death as a result of overdosing. After using drugs for a long time, tolerance, a resistance to the effects of drugs, can also occur. For some addicts, withdrawal problems start when trying to quit, meaning that their bodies have serious reactions (Musto 362-364). In addition, using drugs repeatedly will eventually cause the user's brain structure and functions to change. Evidence suggests that drugs will become the brain's top, or sometimes sole, priority for an addict (Leshner). Drug users may claim to feel great when they are high, but using drugs will cause users to be miserable for the rest of their short lives. Abusers of dilaudid have been known to crush the pills and snort or inject the powder. Injection can be dangerous because the powder-form pills contain fillers that do not always dissolve completely. The injection of these particles into the blood can damage veins. Doctors who issue legal prescriptions for hydromorphone are ordered to stress the medication's potential for abuse. Patients needing the medicine are told to take it only as prescribed. They are not to double-up on doses. Also, they are told to flush any leftover medicine down the toilet so that it cannot be stolen. Patients who take the medication for more than a few weeks will need "taper down" doses to avoid WITHDRAWAL symptoms. Alcohol: Alcohols, including wine and beer, have been widely used since 6400BC. Ancient Romans, Egyptians, and Arabs used these along with mead. Hence, the phenomenon of drinking is nothing new. Around 1300 Europeans started to experience their first problems with alcoholism and drunkenness. The earliest methods of controlling such behaviours included licensing, taxation and prohibition. These methods are essentially the same methods which are used by different governments of today. About 1700 Alcohol was introduced to the USA and spread with colonization. It's effects were most drastic on migrating and transient populations. Alcohol consumption was prohibited in many states between 1851 and 1933. In 1788 Alcohol was introduced to Australia by White settlers. There is no evidence to suggest that alcohol was consumed by Indigenous Australians prior to its introduction by White Settlers. Anyone who shares a needle is also at risk of contracting AIDS by the exchange of blood with an infected user, no matter what their age or history of drug use. Approximately one-third of AIDS cases have been traced to intravenous drug use—usually of heroin and anabolic steroids, but crank and cocaine can also be injected. Based on a questionnaire by the CDC, almost one quarter of the teenagers who use steroids also share needles. |
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
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