




Oak Grove, Tennessee
Oak Grove, TN Profile
Oak Grove, TN, population 4,072 , is located
in Tennessee's Washington county,
about 89.2 miles from Knoxville and 120.7 miles from Charlotte.
In the 90's the population of Oak Grove has grown by about 16%.
Oak Grove Statistics
Oak Grove Gender Information
Males in Oak Grove: 2,016 (50%)
Females in Oak Grove: 2,056 (50%)
As % of Population in Oak Grove
Race Diversity in Oak Grove
White: 98%
African American: 1%
Other/Mixed: 1%
As % of Population in Oak Grove
Age Diversity in Oak Grove
Median Age in Oak Grove: 34.4 (Males in Oak Grove: 34.1, Females in Oak Grove: 34.9)
Oak Grove Males Under 20: 12%
Oak Grove Females Under 20: 11%
Oak Grove Males 20 to 40: 18%
Oak Grove Females 20 to 40: 18%
Oak Grove Males 40 to 60: 13%
Oak Grove Females 40 to 60: 13%
Oak Grove Males Over 60: 7%
Oak Grove Females Over 60: 8%
Economics in Oak Grove
Oak Grove Household Average Size: 2.32 people
Oak Grove Median Household Income: $ 34,926
Oak Grove Median Value of Homes: $ 86,600
Oak Grove Location Information
Elevation: 1,410 feet above sea level.
Land Area: 4.8 Square Miles.
Water Area: 0.8 Square Miles.
Nearby Towns & Cities to Oak Grove
Spurgeon 2.6 Miles
Gray 2.9 Miles
Colonial Heights 6.7 Miles
Watauga 7.7 Miles
Midway 7.7 Miles
Johnson City 7.9 Miles
Jonesborough 8.6 Miles
Central 9.6 Miles
Pine Crest 9.8 Miles
Blountville 10.0 Miles
Big Cities Nearest Oak Grove
(Population 100,000+)
Knoxville 89.2 Miles
Charlotte 120.7 Miles
Winston-Salem 123.5 Miles
Greensboro 148.7 Miles
Lexington 159.3 Miles
Athens 177.9 Miles
Columbia 184.3 Miles
Chattanooga 187.5 Miles
Durham 198.9 Miles
Augusta 205.0 Miles
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Facts
Cocaine is a potently reinforcing drug (see REINFORCEMENT). In fact, of all the drugs that are amenable to SELF-ADMINISTRATION by animals and humans, it may well be the most reinforcing. The cocaine addict will engage in behaviour that entails extraordinary risks to health and social stability. The extreme desire to obtain the drug has been shown in animal studies of cocaine use. Rats and monkeys rapidly acquire self-administration behaviour when given access to intravenous cocaine via a lever-press, and when forced to choose between food or cocaine, will always choose cocaine, even with lethal consequences. In the PROGRESSIVE RATIO paradigm, an animal must make progressively more responses in order to obtain intravenous cocaine reinforcement. It has been shown that a monkey will make up to 6000 presses to obtain one infusion of cocaine. Thus, many animal studies have demonstrated that the rewarding effects produced by cocaine are indeed a powerful motivator of drug-seeking behaviour. Rates of drug use by subgroup can vary greatly. Thus, for example, prevalence rates of drug use are higher among males than females and highest among males in their late teens through their twenties. Over half the users of illicit drugs work full time. About one-third of homeless persons and more than one-fourth of the mentally ill are physically or psychologically dependent on illicit drugs. The first survey of mothers delivering liveborns, in 1993, found that 5.5 percent had used illicit drugs at some time during their pregnancy. A survey of college students reported that in the previous year, 26.4 percent had used marijuana and 5.2 percent had used cocaine. National Household Survey data indicate that use of illicit drugs by persons over thirty-five, which was 10.3 percent in 1979, jumped to 29.4 percent by 1991 and was 33.5 percent in 1997. SAMHSA also reports characteristics of admissions and discharges from substance abuse treatment facilities in their Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). According to TEDS, in 2006 there were nearly 1.8 million admissions for treatment of alcohol and drug abuse to facilities that report to State administrative data systems. Most admissions (40 percent) were for alcohol treatment. Heroin and other opiates accounted for the largest percentage of drug-related admissions (18 percent), followed by marijuana (16 percent). Research suggests that cocaine (like amphetamine) is a powerful activator of the brain’s central REINFORCEMENT system. Activation of the DOPAMINE system is the primary pharmacological effect. Moreover, release of dopamine in the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS appears to be directly linked to the rewarding properties of these drugs. Animals that have undergone lesions of the dopamine projection to the nucleus accumbens are not interested in self-administering cocaine or amphetamine. In view of the hypothesis that the nucleus accumbens may be a critical neural substrate for ‘natural’ rewards (food, sex, and so on), the notion that cocaine amplifies pleasure may actually have a neurochemical basis. |
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Withdrawal
Withdrawal is what happens when a person who is addicted to drugs or alcohol discontinues use. There are numerous symptoms that take place both physically and emotionally when an addicted individual stops using. Withdrawal can last a few days to a few weeks and may include nausea or vomiting, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety. Keep in mind; this only occurs if a person has regular, heavy use of a drug or alcohol. Withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable without professional help. Treatment for withdrawal from alcohol or drugs may require a medical professional to be present. Drug and alcohol rehabilitation is often the best way to overcome withdrawal and its symptoms as well as recovery from drug addiction.
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
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