




Windber, Pennsylvania
Windber, PA Profile
Windber, PA, population 4,395 , is located
in Pennsylvania's Somerset county,
about 62.8 miles from Pittsburgh and 132.0 miles from Arlington.
In the 90's the population of Windber has declined by about 8%.
It is Estimated in recent years the population of Windber has been declining at an annual rate of 1.4 percent.
Reports show that during 2003 property crime levels in the Windber area were lower than Pennsylvania's average.
The same data shows violent crime levels to be lower than the Pennsylvania average.
Windber Statistics
Windber Gender Information
Males in Windber: 2,025 (46%)
Females in Windber: 2,370 (54%)
As % of Population in Windber
Race Diversity in Windber
White: 99%
Other/Mixed: 1%
As % of Population in Windber
Age Diversity in Windber
Median Age in Windber: 42.8 (Males in Windber: 39.6, Females in Windber: 45.8)
Windber Males Under 20: 12%
Windber Females Under 20: 12%
Windber Males 20 to 40: 12%
Windber Females 20 to 40: 11%
Windber Males 40 to 60: 12%
Windber Females 40 to 60: 13%
Windber Males Over 60: 10%
Windber Females Over 60: 18%
Economics in Windber
Windber Household Average Size: 2.16 people
Windber Median Household Income: $ 23,261
Windber Median Value of Homes: $ 56,600
Law Enforcement in Windber
Reported crimes in the Windber area during 2003:
Murder and non-negligent man-slaughter: 0
Forcible rape: 1
Robbery: 1
Aggravated assault: 5
Violent crime events per 100,000 people: 164
Burglary: 2
Larceny-theft: 27
Motor vehicle theft: 1
Arson: 0
Property crime events per 100,000 people: 703
Windber Location Information
Elevation: 1,853 feet above sea level.
Land Area: 2.1 Square Miles.
Nearby Towns & Cities to Windber
Paint 0.8 Miles
Scalp Level 1.0 Miles
Geistown 4.0 Miles
Belmont 4.4 Miles
Lorain 5.1 Miles
Benson 5.4 Miles
Ferndale 5.4 Miles
Davidsville 5.4 Miles
Salix-Beauty Line Park 5.6 Miles
Dale 6.2 Miles
Big Cities Nearest Windber
(Population 100,000+)
Pittsburgh 62.8 Miles
Arlington 132.0 Miles
Washington 133.6 Miles
Baltimore 135.2 Miles
Alexandria 137.7 Miles
Erie 146.0 Miles
Akron 152.4 Miles
Cleveland 173.1 Miles
Allentown 177.9 Miles
Buffalo 183.1 Miles
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Facts
A by-product of the HEMP plant CANNABIS SATIVA is marijuana, which is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Both the plant and its PSYCHOACTIVE ingredient TETRAHYDRO-CANNABINOL (THC) are classified as CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES by the U.S. government, which estimates that Mexico supplies the majority of U.S.-consumed marijuana—perhaps as much as 63 percent. The U.S. supply accounts for another 18 percent, Colombia for 5 percent, Jamaica for 3 percent, and the remaining 11 percent comes from Belize, Laos, the Philippines, Thailand, Lebanon, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Brazil and Paraguay also cultivate cannabis but the majority is consumed locally or exported to neighboring South American countries. Young people are particularly vulnerable to acute alcohol effects due to their lower tolerance to alcohol, their lack of experience with drinking, and drinking patterns that often include heavy episodic drinking in high-risk situations, such as during driving and sexual encounters. Leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youths include alcohol-related motor-vehicle injuries, homicide, and suicide. Alcohol use among young people is associated with reduced scholastic achievement, increased delinquency, and the development of psychiatric problems later in life. Alcohol has also been found to precede other illicit drug use, thereby serving as a "gateway" to other drug consumption, including marijuana and cocaine use. An increasing number of criminals are using the Internet as a medium to exchange information on drugs or production methods, and to offer advice on where and how to obtain precursor chemicals and equipment for the production of synthetic drugs. Although the sale of drugs such as MDMA or GHB is generally not advertised on the Internet, suppliers and customers are able to meet through Internet bulletin boards and chat rooms. Cross-Tolerance and Cross-Dependence: The term acquired tolerance is applied to tolerance developing to the actions of the same drug that has been administered repeatedly. However, if a second drug has actions similar to those of the first, an individual who becomes tolerant to the first drug is usually also tolerant to the second drug, even on the first occasion when the latter is used. This phenomenon is called cross-tolerance, and it may be partial or complete—it may extend to all the effects of the second drug, or only to some of them. The adaptive changes in the nervous system that give rise to acquired tolerance are believed by most researchers (though not all) to be responsible also for the development of physical dependence. Thus, an adaptive change in cell function, opposite in direction to the effect of the drug, will offset the latter when the drug is present (tolerance), but will give rise to a withdrawal sign or symptom when the drug is removed. The term neuroadaptive state has been proposed to designate all the physiological changes underlying the development of tolerance and physical dependence. If the second drug, to which cross-tolerance is present, is given during withdrawal from the first, it can prevent or suppress the withdrawal effect; this is known as cross-dependence. A related concept is that of transfer of dependence, from a first drug on which a person has become dependent to a second drug with similar effects, that has been given therapeutically to relieve the withdrawal signs produced by the first. |
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Intervention
An intervention is when a group of loved ones and/or a trained intervention counselor meets with the person in need of help for the purpose of breaking down their denial and motivating them to immediately seek drug addiction treatment. Often, individuals in the midst of drug addiction engage in a variety of self destructive behaviors. Although baffling to friends and family members such people generally either aren't aware on a conscious level that they have a drug addiction problem, or even when they know they have a problem they may cling to the false belief that the problem will somehow go away without any outside help. When an intervention is held a moment of clarity is created
for the addict. Most people struggling with the problem of drug or alcohol
addiction will accept help the very day of the intervention.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
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