




Tonkawa, Oklahoma
Tonkawa, OK Profile
Tonkawa, OK, population 3,299 , is located
in Oklahoma's Kay county,
about 70.1 miles from Wichita and 81.8 miles from Tulsa.
In the 90's the population of Tonkawa has grown by about 6%.
It is Estimated in recent years the population of Tonkawa has been declining at an annual rate of 1.3 percent.
Reports show that during 2003 property crime levels in the Tonkawa area were lower than Oklahoma's average.
The same data shows violent crime levels to be lower than the Oklahoma average.
Tonkawa Statistics
Tonkawa Gender Information
Males in Tonkawa: 1,634 (50%)
Females in Tonkawa: 1,665 (50%)
As % of Population in Tonkawa
Race Diversity in Tonkawa
White: 86%
African American: 1%
Native American: 6%
Other/Mixed: 7%
As % of Population in Tonkawa
Age Diversity in Tonkawa
Median Age in Tonkawa: 32.7 (Males in Tonkawa: 31.2, Females in Tonkawa: 33.8)
Tonkawa Males Under 20: 17%
Tonkawa Females Under 20: 16%
Tonkawa Males 20 to 40: 13%
Tonkawa Females 20 to 40: 13%
Tonkawa Males 40 to 60: 12%
Tonkawa Females 40 to 60: 10%
Tonkawa Males Over 60: 8%
Tonkawa Females Over 60: 11%
Economics in Tonkawa
Tonkawa Household Average Size: 2.47 people
Tonkawa Median Household Income: $ 29,387
Tonkawa Median Value of Homes: $ 40,900
Law Enforcement in Tonkawa
Reported crimes in the Tonkawa area during 2003:
Murder and non-negligent man-slaughter: 0
Forcible rape: 1
Robbery: 1
Aggravated assault: 9
Violent crime events per 100,000 people: 342
Burglary: 18
Larceny-theft: 80
Motor vehicle theft: 7
Arson: 1
Property crime events per 100,000 people: 3,263
Tonkawa Location Information
Land Area: 2.2 Square Miles.
Nearby Towns & Cities to Tonkawa
Blackwell 8.9 Miles
Marland 12.0 Miles
Ponca City 12.6 Miles
Billings 12.7 Miles
Lamont 13.7 Miles
Deer Creek 14.6 Miles
McCord 15.1 Miles
Red Rock 16.8 Miles
Braman 17.0 Miles
Kildare 17.1 Miles
Big Cities Nearest Tonkawa
(Population 100,000+)
Wichita 70.1 Miles
Tulsa 81.8 Miles
Oklahoma City 84.5 Miles
Topeka 186.6 Miles
Wichita Falls 202.6 Miles
Overland Park 214.9 Miles
Kansas City 223.2 Miles
Kansas City 224.2 Miles
Springfield 224.8 Miles
Independence 229.8 Miles
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Facts
Sooner or later most drug abusers lose their jobs. They may be able to hide their addiction for a while. But eventually, because they are more interested in getting high than being productive, their performance on the job deteriorates. They arrive late and leave early and sometimes skip work altogether. They miss deadlines, make mistakes from not paying attention or using poor judgment, and are generally less efficient. They may even cause injuries to themselves or others because of their carelessness. Despite repeated warnings from their supervisors and coworkers, nothing improves. Except in unusual cases, they eventually get fired. Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that increases levels of dopamine, a brain chemical associated with pleasure and movement, in the brain’s reward circuit. Certain brain cells, or neurons, use dopamine to communicate. Normally, dopamine is released by a neuron in response to a pleasurable signal (e.g., the smell of good food), and then recycled back into the cell that released it, shutting off the signal between neurons. Cocaine acts by preventing the dopamine from being recycled, causing excessive amounts of dopamine to build up, amplifying the message, and ultimately disrupting normal communication. It is this excess of dopamine that is responsible for cocaine’s euphoric effects. With repeated use, cocaine can cause long-term changes in the brain’s reward system and in other brain systems as well, which may eventually lead to addiction. With repeated use, tolerance to the cocaine high also often develops. Many cocaine abusers report that they seek but fail to achieve as much pleasure as they did from their first exposure. Some users will increase their dose in an attempt to intensify and prolong the euphoria, but this can also increase the risk of adverse psychological or physiological effects. The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental heroin overdose. An estimated 971 thousand Americans used crack cocaine in 1998. Of those, 462 thousand were White, 324 thousand were Black, and 157 thousand were Hispanic. |
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Addict
An addict is an individual who has a compulsive urge to use drugs, to the point where they feel they have no effective choice but to continue use. An addict will continue their self destructive behaviors in order to feel good or to avoid
feeling bad. It can dominate their mind, and keep them coming back for more. The addiction can be
different for each addict, depending on their vice and the kind of person they
are.
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
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