



Facts
A particularly unpleasant health condition that virtually all heroin addicts suffer is chronic constipation. Though opium provides relief for an upset stomach, heroin intensifies opium's soothing properties to the point of impairing the efficiency and function of the small intestines, resulting in chronic constipation for heroin addicts. This backup in the small intestines causes severe pain and tenderness in the addict's lower abdomen and colon, and can also cause related physical discomforts such as headache and backache. Additionally, since the bacteria and toxins that should be eliminated remain instead in the lower intestines for a prolonged period of time, some of them are reabsorbed back into the body, which further weakens the immune system and places the organs, particularly the liver, under additional stress. Further, the addict's body does not develop tolerance to this effect of heroin—it is a constant for as long as the physical addiction exists. Research on gender differences in use of inhalants have produced varying findings. In 1998, the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse found an even gender split in adolescents (ages 12–17) who experimented with inhalants. However, continued use was more common among older males; the rate of inhalant abuse by males 18 years to 25 years was twice that of their female peers. Drunk driving affects more people than just the offender. The consequences of drunk driving extend to other drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and their families. An encounter with a drunk driver can be just as difficult emotionally as it is financially and physically, if not more so. Everyone involved in a drunk driving traffic incident runs the risk of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder goes beyond depression and often includes experiencing flashbacks of the unpleasant memories of the crash scene. These memories interfere with a person's thoughts and awareness. They can happen as a person is driving or when certain images or smells remind him or her of the traumatic incident. Drug use was significantly related to lower social conformity, more criminal activity (during adolescence but not during young adulthood), having a deviant peer network, and involvement in drug and property crimes. Adolescent social conformity was significantly associated with lower criminal and deviant behavior. Engaging in adolescent criminal activity was substantially related to property crime involvement in young adulthood. In young adulthood, criminal activities and property and violent crime involvement were all highly intercorrelated in a positive direction, while drug crime involvement was to a small degree negatively correlated with violent crime involvement and positively correlated with property crime involvement. A general tendency toward adolescent criminal activity was predictive of having confrontational friends, and having a deviant peer network was associated with property crime and arrests and convictions for property crimes. General drug use during adolescence was negatively correlated with arrests and convictions for violent crime in young adulthood, although hard drug use increased the frequency of assault violations in young adulthood. |
Intervention
An intervention is when a group of loved ones and/or a trained intervention counselor meets with the person in need of help for the purpose of breaking down their denial and motivating them to immediately seek drug addiction treatment. Often, individuals in the midst of drug addiction engage in a variety of self destructive behaviors. Although baffling to friends and family members such people generally either aren't aware on a conscious level that they have a drug addiction problem, or even when they know they have a problem they may cling to the false belief that the problem will somehow go away without any outside help. When an intervention is held a moment of clarity is created
for the addict. Most people struggling with the problem of drug or alcohol
addiction will accept help the very day of the intervention.
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
Withdrawal
Withdrawal is what happens when a person who is addicted to drugs or alcohol discontinues use. There are numerous symptoms that take place both physically and emotionally when an addicted individual stops using. Withdrawal can last a few days to a few weeks and may include nausea or vomiting, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety. Keep in mind; this only occurs if a person has regular, heavy use of a drug or alcohol. Withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable without professional help. Treatment for withdrawal from alcohol or drugs may require a medical professional to be present. Drug and alcohol rehabilitation is often the best way to overcome withdrawal and its symptoms as well as recovery from drug addiction.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
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