




Wright-patterson Afb, Ohio
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Facts
A federal crackdown in the early 1960s on prescription abuses prompted the illicit production of methamphetamine, particularly in a liquid, injectable form. By the late 1960s, a second wave of abuse began in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, where it was known as “speed.” This outbreak was also controlled, but meth remained entrenched in the subculture of outlaw motorcycle gangs. The bikers used available chemicals, which they cooked in crude rural labs where the pungent odor associated with production could be concealed. Studies have shown that prolonged use of opiates such as hydromorphone cause little damage to the human body in and of themselves. Nevertheless, the drug can wreak havoc on a person's health. In pursuit of the next dose, the addict might resort to criminal behavior such as theft, robbery, or prostitution. Trading sexual favors for drugs can lead to numerous diseases, from syphilis to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Shared needles also expose the user to AIDS and HEPATITIS. Since opiates produce nausea and vomiting, users tend to eat less, wasting away as the habit consumes their lives. While high on opiates, users may not be able to drive or operate machinery with the proper amount of control. Hydromorphone depresses the region of the brain that controls breathing. Taken in large doses, or in strange settings, or in combination with other drugs, hydromorphone can make the user stop breathing. Drug abusers are sometimes found dead in bed or on the bathroom floor by those who love them most. There are a few signs that someone you know is using crack. If they suddenly need a lot of money on a frequent basis, this could be a sign that they are spending it all on drugs. Crack also causes the user to lose interest in school, friends, and activities that were once important. You may notice that your friend has bloodshot eyes all the time and is acting jittery or paranoid. When someone is using crack, it can be very difficult to persuade them to get clean, but considering how dangerous this drug is, not quitting could easily mean death. Meth use among youth: The 1999 Monitoring the Future survey asked twelfth graders about the use of crystal methamphetamine and found that use has been rising since 1990, peaking in 1998 before leveling off in 1999. Currently, 4.8 percent of high school seniors used the drug in their lifetime (compared to 2.7 percent in 1990), and 1.9 percent used the drug within the past year (compared to 1.3 percent in 1990). In areas such as the Midwest, where meth is readily available, meth abuse among teens is much more common. For example, an expert associated with Juvenile Court Services in Marshall County, Iowa, estimated in 1998 that one-third of the 1,600 students at Marshalltown High School had tried methamphetamine. Partnership for a Drug-Free America (PDFA) 1997 studies found that most teenagers in the United States do not see great risk in trying meth and that teen use of meth is now comparable to the national level of cocaine use among teens. In response to these findings and another PDFA study showing that parents believe that children understand the dangers of meth use, the PDFA launched, on June 17, 1998, a national multimedia campaign targeting meth users as a part of a $196 million anti-drug media campaign coordinated by the Office of National Drug Control Policy. |
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
Abstinence
Abstinence is the act or practice of refraining from indulging a desire. The type of abstinence we are referring to here is abstinence from drugs and alcohol. This term has two connotations when it comes to abstaining from drugs. The first refers to drug or alcohol treatment programs that aim to help an individual stop using drugs or alcohol for the rest of their lives. The time abstinence is also used in drug education and prevention. It refers to trying to stop children from ever using drugs.
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
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