



Toledo, Ohio
Toledo, OH Profile
Toledo, OH, population 313,619 , is located
in Ohio's Lucas county,
about 42.9 miles from Ann Arbor and 49.8 miles from Livonia.
In the 90's the population of Toledo has declined by about 6%.
It is Estimated in recent years the population of Toledo has been declining at an annual rate of less than one percent.
Reports show that during 2003 property crime levels in the Toledo area were higher than Ohio's average.
The same data shows violent crime levels to be higher than the Ohio average.
Toledo Statistics
Toledo Gender Information
Males in Toledo: 150,204 (48%)
Females in Toledo: 163,415 (52%)
As % of Population in Toledo
Race Diversity in Toledo
White: 70%
African American: 24%
Asian: 1%
Other/Mixed: 5%
As % of Population in Toledo
Age Diversity in Toledo
Median Age in Toledo: 33.2 (Males in Toledo: 31.6, Females in Toledo: 34.8)
Toledo Males Under 20: 15%
Toledo Females Under 20: 14%
Toledo Males 20 to 40: 15%
Toledo Females 20 to 40: 16%
Toledo Males 40 to 60: 11%
Toledo Females 40 to 60: 12%
Toledo Males Over 60: 7%
Toledo Females Over 60: 10%
Economics in Toledo
Toledo Household Average Size: 2.38 people
Toledo Median Household Income: $ 32,546
Toledo Median Value of Homes: $ 73,700
Law Enforcement in Toledo
Reported crimes in the Toledo area during 2003:
Murder and non-negligent man-slaughter: 21
Forcible rape: 152
Robbery: 1,354
Aggravated assault: 1,655
Violent crime events per 100,000 people: 1,028
Burglary: 5,664
Larceny-theft: 14,383
Motor vehicle theft: 3,112
Arson: 434
Property crime events per 100,000 people: 7,483
Toledo Location Information
Elevation: 615 feet above sea level.
Land Area: 80.6 Square Miles.
Water Area: 3.5 Square Miles.
Nearby Towns & Cities to Toledo
Rossford 3.8 Miles
Oregon 3.8 Miles
Ottawa Hills 4.5 Miles
Northwood 5.9 Miles
Harbor View 6.1 Miles
Walbridge 6.2 Miles
Lambertville 8.0 Miles
Temperance 8.0 Miles
Perrysburg 8.3 Miles
Holland 8.6 Miles
Big Cities Nearest Toledo
(Population 100,000+)
Ann Arbor 42.9 Miles
Livonia 49.8 Miles
Detroit 53.1 Miles
Warren 62.5 Miles
Sterling Heights 68.9 Miles
Ft Wayne 89.6 Miles
Lansing 89.9 Miles
Flint 93.5 Miles
Cleveland 96.9 Miles
Akron 113.1 Miles
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Facts
Most of us take prescription drugs only for the reason the doctor intended. Nevertheless, an estimated 48 million people (aged 12 and older), according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons in their lifetime. That figure represents approximately 20% of the U.S. population. Mexico. In the 1970s, Mexico began to smuggle significant amounts of heroin into the United States, replacing Turkey as the principal heroin supplier for U.S. addicts. Opium is grown and harvested twice a year—winter and spring—in Mexico's states of Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Durango. In the 1990s, harvesting has become year round, and cultivation has expanded to include Mexico's west coast from Sinaloa to the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Supplying an estimated 23 percent of the heroin consumed in the United States, Mexicantraffickers produce both traditional brown and black-tar heroin, although the predominant type smuggled into the United States is the black-tar type. Conversion from the popular "Mexican brown" in the 1970s to the black-tar variety is a result of traffickers using more cost-effective mobile laboratories. The mobile labs are much harder to detect and can move with the harvesters, as they go from field to field collecting the opium gum and producing the purer black tar preferred by U.S. addicts. Although the mobile labs are found near the fields, Mexican law-enforcement personnel are also finding them near towns and cities, where chemicals and security can be acquired more easily. The administration of President Carlos Salinas (1988-1994) instituted effective law enforcement, including strong measures to combat official corruption, a 40 percent increase in opium eradication, and increased cocaine interdiction. Deterring the Drinking Driver: Deterrence based on the threat of arrest, conviction, and punishment remains the chief strategy in the attack on drunk driving. State and local governments have established dozens of strike forces and passed hundreds of laws aiming to raise the costs to the offender of driving while intoxicated. The number of traffic fatalities fell steadily from 1982 until 1992; since then the number has remained around 41,000 deaths per year. Fatalities related to drunk driving have clearly fallen steadily since 1982, when more than 25,000 deaths were due to alcohol-related accidents (57.3 percent), to 1999 (15,976 deaths, or 38.3 percent of all traffic fatalities). This trend appears to be slowing, however, since the percent of alcohol-related traffic fatalities actually rose slightly in 2000. There may be reasons for this other than deterrence, including general reductions in alcohol consumption and abuse, and more responsible public attitudes toward sober driving. However, the effect of deterrence, even if small, cannot be ruled out as a factor in the decline. Fentanyl is a narcotic analgesic acting predominately at the µ-opiate receptor. Apart from analgesia, the fentanyls as a group produce drowsiness and euphoria, the latter being less pronounced than with heroin and morphine. The most common side effects include nausea, dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, headache, constipation, anaemia and peripheral oedema. Tolerance and dependence develop rapidly after repeated use. Characteristic withdrawal symptoms (sweating, anxiety, diarrhoea, bone pain, abdominal cramps, shivers or ‘goose flesh’) occur when use is stopped. Serious interactions can occur when fentanyls are mixed with heroin, cocaine, alcohol and other CNS depressants e.g. benzodiazepines. The use of HIV protease inhibitors such as Ritonavir has been reported to increase plasma levels and reduce elimination of co-administered fentanyl. |
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Abstinence
Abstinence is the act or practice of refraining from indulging a desire. The type of abstinence we are referring to here is abstinence from drugs and alcohol. This term has two connotations when it comes to abstaining from drugs. The first refers to drug or alcohol treatment programs that aim to help an individual stop using drugs or alcohol for the rest of their lives. The time abstinence is also used in drug education and prevention. It refers to trying to stop children from ever using drugs.
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