




Facts
Ecstasy is suspected to interfere with a number of different neurotransmitter systems, primarily serotonin and dopamine. Serotonin is involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, emotion, sleep, perception, anxiety, aggression, and memory; dopamine is involved in the regulation of movement, emotional response, and ability to feel pleasure and pain. Ecstasy stimulates an excess release of these neurotransmitters, while at the same time blocking the transporters that pump them back to the releasing neuron, which creates a high concentration of neurotransmitters in the space between the cells, called the synapse. This overabundance of serotonin and dopamine is what causes the feelings of elation, altered perception, and high energy. During this time the neurons are unable to replace all the neurotransmitters that are being released and not returned, so in the days following ecstasy use fewer neurotransmitters are released, and the number of transporters is reduced. This diminished function, primarily serotonin function, explains the depressed mood and other disturbances previously described as occurring in the days following an episode of ecstasy use. Regular ecstasy use destroys a neuron's ability to release serotonin, an effect that is long-lasting and may or may not be permanent. Noradrenaline is another neurotransmitter similarly influenced by ecstasy use, and is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate. The effects produced by this system are undesirable and potentially harmful. Chronic heavy drinking often results in poor performance in work or school and inappropriate social behavior. Heavy drinkers often lose the support of family and friends, some of whom may be moderate drinkers. As conflict and disapproval increases at home and at work, many heavy drinkers, especially women, feel like they are losing control over their lives. This loss of control often expresses itself as depression. To get relief from depression, the person may drink even more. Unfortunately, since this "cure" usually has little success, the person falls into a vicious cycle of drinking. Research on suicide suggests that chronic alcohol abuse is involved in 20 to 36 percent of reported cases. Researchers are not certain if the chronic drinking results in depression, or if the depression already existed and is made worse by drinking. However, for most alcoholics who undergo detoxification (ending all alcohol consumption), depressive symptoms improve within weeks. This suggests that, for many, the toxic effects of alcohol led to the depressive symptoms. A common problem among men who abuse alcohol is aggression. Young men who are chronic alcohol abusers may already have a tendency to act aggressively or violently. The toxic effects of alcohol appear to increase that behavior. Given the uncertainty in estimating the costs of methamphetamine use in the U.S., researchers created a range of estimates. The lowest estimate for the cost of methamphetamine use in 2005 was $16.2 billion, while $48.3 billion was the highest estimate. Researchers' best estimate of the overall economic burden in the United States of methamphetamine use and abuse is $23.4 billion. The structurally related anaesthetic, ketamine ("Special K"), was subsequently developed. It induced a similar state of anaesthesia, but psychedelic reactions are much less severe. It is legally produced in the USA, Russia, Hungary, and other countries, this compound is readily available. |
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
Residential Treatment
Residential treatment offers intensive drug addiction help over a period of weeks or months. This form of treatment has some advantages over out-patient treatment, although it may not be suitable for everyone. For example, those who are responsible for caring for young children may be better suited to attendance at an out patient treatment program. Residential treatment offers a safe, drug and alcohol-free environment where individuals can confront their own drug addiction and associated issues, with the help of qualified staff. Therapy usually consists of a mixture of group counseling, individual counseling and an introduction to the principles of a drug recovery program.
Intervention
An intervention is when a group of loved ones and/or a trained intervention counselor meets with the person in need of help for the purpose of breaking down their denial and motivating them to immediately seek drug addiction treatment. Often, individuals in the midst of drug addiction engage in a variety of self destructive behaviors. Although baffling to friends and family members such people generally either aren't aware on a conscious level that they have a drug addiction problem, or even when they know they have a problem they may cling to the false belief that the problem will somehow go away without any outside help. When an intervention is held a moment of clarity is created
for the addict. Most people struggling with the problem of drug or alcohol
addiction will accept help the very day of the intervention.
Drug Side Effects
Drug addiction and abuse comes with a heavy price. There are drastic drug side effects associated with drug misuse and abuse. Drug side effects from legal and illegal drugs can range from mild itching to comas and death. In addition to the physical drug side effects mentioned, there are many psychological drug side effects of drug abuse; the most serious being drug addiction and overdose.
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
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