
Tonawanda, New York
Tonawanda, NY Profile
Tonawanda, NY, population 16,136 , is located
about 9.3 miles from Buffalo and 65 miles from Rochester.
In the 90's the population of Tonawanda has declined by about 7%.
It is Estimated in recent years the population of Tonawanda has been declining at an annual rate of less than one percent.
Reports show that during 2003 property crime levels in the Tonawanda area were lower than New York's average.
The same data shows violent crime levels to be lower than the New York average.
Tonawanda Statistics
Tonawanda Gender Information
Males in Tonawanda: 7,835 (49%)
Females in Tonawanda: 8,301 (51%)
As % of Population in Tonawanda
Race Diversity in Tonawanda
White: 98%
Other/Mixed: 2%
As % of Population in Tonawanda
Age Diversity in Tonawanda
Median Age in Tonawanda: 38.9 (Males in Tonawanda: 37.3, Females in Tonawanda: 40.6)
Tonawanda Males Under 20: 14%
Tonawanda Females Under 20: 13%
Tonawanda Males 20 to 40: 13%
Tonawanda Females 20 to 40: 13%
Tonawanda Males 40 to 60: 13%
Tonawanda Females 40 to 60: 14%
Tonawanda Males Over 60: 9%
Tonawanda Females Over 60: 12%
Economics in Tonawanda
Tonawanda Household Average Size: 2.39 people
Tonawanda Median Household Income: $ 37,523
Tonawanda Median Value of Homes: $ 73,100
Law Enforcement in Tonawanda
Reported crimes in the Tonawanda area during 2003:
Murder and non-negligent man-slaughter: 0
Forcible rape: 4
Robbery: 6
Aggravated assault: 26
Violent crime events per 100,000 people: 227
Burglary: 36
Larceny-theft: 237
Motor vehicle theft: 16
Property crime events per 100,000 people: 1,820
Tonawanda Location Information
Land Area: 3.8 Square Miles.
Water Area: 0.3 Square Miles.
Nearby Towns & Cities to Tonawanda
Tonawanda 0.3 Miles
North Tonawanda 1.8 Miles
Kenmore 3.8 Miles
Williamsville 8.4 Miles
Buffalo 9.2 Miles
Sloan 9.9 Miles
Niagara Falls 10.1 Miles
Cheektowaga 10.4 Miles
Harris Hill 11.2 Miles
West Seneca 12.5 Miles
Big Cities Nearest Tonawanda
(Population 100,000+)
Buffalo 9.3 Miles
Rochester 64.6 Miles
Erie 87.0 Miles
Syracuse 138.2 Miles
Cleveland 178.4 Miles
Pittsburgh 187.5 Miles
Akron 190.6 Miles
Sterling Heights 212.8 Miles
Warren 213.9 Miles
Detroit 217.1 Miles
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Facts
Alcohol and Cocaine. When an individual has drunk alcohol in addition to taking cocaine, the depression of the crash phase can be even worse. Alcohol reduces a person's control over his or her impulses, such as the impulse to commit suicide. Therefore, alcohol use combined with the despair of the crash period can put a person at high risk for suicide. In addition, cocaine has important interactions with alcohol in the body. For example, cocaine plus alcohol in the body produces a compound called cocaethylene. This compound produces more intense and longer euphoria (a feeling of intense well-being), but it also increases the risk of death from cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Recent studies of cocaine withdrawal suggest that not all users go through three separate phases. One four-week study examined twelve inpatients who were dependent on cocaine. During withdrawal, the subjects suffered from depression, craving, and anxiety. These symptoms improved steadily during the four weeks. By the end of the fourth week, the cocaine users had come out of withdrawal. An important difference between this study and earlier studies is that the researchers worked with inpatients. Inpatients live in the protected setting of a hospital or treatment center. They are not constantly reminded of cocaine by certain people or places in their lives, as are cocaine users who go through outpatient treatment while living on their own. As a result, the phases of cocaine withdrawal may be less distinct for inpatients. Drug Abuse: Drug abuse is the use of a mind-altering drug without medical need, in an amount large enough or over a period long enough to threaten the quality of life or health and safety of the user or others. Many people use drugs without medical need but keep that use under control so that it does not threaten their health or adversely affect their functioning. Heroin withdrawal begins with a three- to five-day period of intense anxiety, INSOMNIA, and a host of flu-like symptoms from uncontrolled coughing and yawning to stuffy nose, cramps, chills, sweating, diarrhea, and "goose bumps." Having goose bumps led to the origin of the phrase "quitting cold turkey." Additionally, muscles that have been relaxed by the drug tighten and twitch, causing severe pain and uncontrolled, reflexive motion ("kicking the habit"). A recovering addict named Joey Peets told Scholastic Choices: "It's the worst feeling. Most people say they'd rather be shot than be sick on drugs. … Being addicted and having to get off drugs is the worst experience. I wouldn't wish it on my worst enemy." Among youths aged 12 to 17, rates of current illicit drug use varied significantly by major racial/ethnic groups in 2004. The rate was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native youths (26.0%). Rates were 12.2% for youths reporting two or more races, 11.1% for white youths, 10.2% for Hispanic youths, 9.3% for black youths, and 6.0% for Asian youths. |
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
Therapeutic Community
An effective therapeutic community attends to the many needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use. Care given at a therapeutic community addresses the individual's drug use and associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems. Also, a therapeutic community will continue to be flexible and provide ongoing assessments of the individual's needs, which may change during the course of care.
Remaining in care at a therapeutic community for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most people, the significant improvement is reached at about 3 months in treatment.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
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