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As many as two-thirds of all people in treatment for drug abuse report that they were physically, sexually, or emotionally abused during childhood, research shows. However, the role of child abuse - physical trauma, rape and sexual abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, and witnessing or being threatened with violence or other abuse - in the pathway to drug abuse needs closer examination. Although studies probing the effects of child abuse have increased in recent years, researchers still are confronted with broad gaps in information. Conservative estimates from the early 1900s reported that the United States had four hundred thousand addicts. Initial research established that addiction may take only two to three months to develop, depending upon the method of ingestion; injection was the fastest route to addiction, followed by smoking and then oral consumption. Barbiturates—which produce a wide spectrum of CNS depression, from mild sedation to coma—have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, and anticonvulsants since they were first introduced for medical use in the early 1900s. As a class, the barbiturates are very similar; all are fat soluble. Once barbiturates reach the bloodstream, they distribute throughout the body and affect all body tissues. Barbiturates depress the activity of muscle tissues, including the heart, and have a great impact on the respiratory system. The barbiturates are classified according to how quickly they produce an effect and how long those effects last: ultrashort-, short-, intermediate-, and long-acting. The ultrashort-acting barbiturates produce anesthesia within about one minute after intravenous (IV) administration. When administered orally, these drugs begin acting within 15–40 minutes and maintain their effects for up to six hours. Long-acting barbiturates include phenobarbital (Luminal) and mephobarbital (Mebaral). These drugs, which take effect in about one hour and last for about 12 hours, are used primarily for daytime sedation and the treatment of seizure disorders or mild anxiety. Generally, these are not drugs of abuse; rather the short-and intermediate-acting barbiturates—such as amobarbital (Amytal), pentobarbital (Nembutal), and secobarbital (Seconal)—are among those most commonly abused. Most often, LSD is found in small squares of impregnated paper, called "blotter acid." The squares may come in perforated sheets, like postage stamps, sometimes with an eye-catching image on each square. The drug may also come in tiny tablets, called "microdots," or in small, thin, gelatin squares, known as "windowpane." LSD is sometimes available in a clear liquid solution. This is dispensed with an eyedropper, onto sugar cubes or directly onto the tongue. Another variety, "blue dot acid," consists of paper slips smeared with a blue-colored solution of the drug. |
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Addict
An addict is an individual who has a compulsive urge to use drugs, to the point where they feel they have no effective choice but to continue use. An addict will continue their self destructive behaviors in order to feel good or to avoid
feeling bad. It can dominate their mind, and keep them coming back for more. The addiction can be
different for each addict, depending on their vice and the kind of person they
are.
Abstinence
Abstinence is the act or practice of refraining from indulging a desire. The type of abstinence we are referring to here is abstinence from drugs and alcohol. This term has two connotations when it comes to abstaining from drugs. The first refers to drug or alcohol treatment programs that aim to help an individual stop using drugs or alcohol for the rest of their lives. The time abstinence is also used in drug education and prevention. It refers to trying to stop children from ever using drugs.
Therapeutic Community
An effective therapeutic community attends to the many needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use. Care given at a therapeutic community addresses the individual's drug use and associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems. Also, a therapeutic community will continue to be flexible and provide ongoing assessments of the individual's needs, which may change during the course of care.
Remaining in care at a therapeutic community for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most people, the significant improvement is reached at about 3 months in treatment.
Drug Overdose
A drug overdose occurs when you consume more drugs than your body can tolerate. Drug users are constantly flirting with the risk of a drug overdose. There is a
fine line between the high they're seeking and serious injury or death. While many victims of drug overdose recover without long term effects, there
can be serious consequences. Some drug overdoses cause the failure of major
organs like the kidneys or liver, or failure of whole systems like the
respiratory or circulatory systems. Patients who survive drug overdose may need
kidney dialysis, kidney or liver transplant, or ongoing care as a result of
heart failure, stroke, or coma. Death can occur in almost any drug overdose
situation, particularly if treatment is not started immediately.
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