




Facts
Addiction is a word used to describe those in our modern society who we as a whole shun from our front doors. It used to mean a person that couldn't stop using drugs, or couldn't stop drinking. Then it became the term to use for people who couldn't stop doing anything, such as sex, gambling, working, surfing the internet, and so much more. In our society it has become a word synonymous with "problem" and as such the people suffering from it are considered just that, society's problem. Now, scientists are finding that addiction is nothing like what we once thought it was, the downfall of any good person. The brain operates on a reward system. When the body gets something it likes, the brain rewards us with the appropriate feeling to get us to re-introduce that original stimuli. All animals are made the same in this, so that when a rat eats a piece of cheese he knows its good and will go back to it, or when a person goes from a cold area to a warm spot he will be more tempted to stay in the better climate. Animals are different from humans however, in that different stimuli will affect the brain differently. Tests have shown that while rats can be made dependent on alchohol, they still wont drink it unless another positive reinforcement is added. Even with the pain of alchohol withdrawal they will shun away from the very chemicals that will keep their body from a pain they normally wouldn't be accustomed to. Abstinence Violation Effect (Ave): The abstinence violation effect (AVE) occurs when an individual, having made a personal commitment to abstain from using a substance or to cease engaging in some other unwanted behavior, has an initial lapse whereby the substance or behavior is engaged in at least once. Some individuals may then proceed to uncontrolled use. In RELAPSE PREVENTION, the aim is to teach people how to minimize the size of the relapse (i.e., to counter the AVE) by directing attention to the more controllable external or situational factors that triggeredthe lapse (e.g., high-risk situations, coping skills, and outcome expectancies), so that the person can quickly return to the goal of abstinence and not "lose control" of the behavior. Specific intervention strategies include helping the person identify and cope with high-risk situations, eliminating myths regarding a drug's effects, managing lapses, and addressing misperceptions about the relapse process. Other more general strategies include helping the person develop positive addictions and employing stimulus-control and urge-management techniques. Researchers continue to evaluate the AVE and the efficacy of relapse prevention strategies. Traffic Fatalities. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15 to 20 year olds. In 1997, 3,336 drivers 15 to 20 years old died, an additional 365,000 were injured, in motor vehicle crashes. Almost 30% of those drivers had been drinking. The estimated economic cost of those crashes totaled $31.9 billion. Swallowed, an amphetamine pill will come on within 15 to 30 minutes. Snorted, the effects are much quicker (5 to 10 minutes). Injection is almost instantaneous and The sensations start as a tickling upwards from the stomach. There is often a sense of rushing forwards. The mind feels clear and focused, more powerful, but in a more calculated way than the arrogant me-me-me effect of cocaine. |
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
Drug Overdose
A drug overdose occurs when you consume more drugs than your body can tolerate. Drug users are constantly flirting with the risk of a drug overdose. There is a
fine line between the high they're seeking and serious injury or death. While many victims of drug overdose recover without long term effects, there
can be serious consequences. Some drug overdoses cause the failure of major
organs like the kidneys or liver, or failure of whole systems like the
respiratory or circulatory systems. Patients who survive drug overdose may need
kidney dialysis, kidney or liver transplant, or ongoing care as a result of
heart failure, stroke, or coma. Death can occur in almost any drug overdose
situation, particularly if treatment is not started immediately.
Drug Side Effects
Drug addiction and abuse comes with a heavy price. There are drastic drug side effects associated with drug misuse and abuse. Drug side effects from legal and illegal drugs can range from mild itching to comas and death. In addition to the physical drug side effects mentioned, there are many psychological drug side effects of drug abuse; the most serious being drug addiction and overdose.
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