




Springfield, Massachusetts
Springfield, MA Profile
Springfield, MA, population 152,082 , is located
in Massachusetts's Hampden county,
about 23.9 miles from Hartford and 41.9 miles from Worcester.
In the 90's the population of Springfield has declined by about 3%.
Reports show that during 2003 property crime levels in the Springfield area were higher than Massachusetts's average.
The same data shows violent crime levels to be higher than the Massachusetts average.
Springfield Statistics
Springfield Gender Information
Males in Springfield: 71,802 (47%)
Females in Springfield: 80,280 (53%)
As % of Population in Springfield
Race Diversity in Springfield
White: 56%
African American: 21%
Asian: 2%
Other/Mixed: 21%
As % of Population in Springfield
Age Diversity in Springfield
Median Age in Springfield: 31.9 (Males in Springfield: 29.9, Females in Springfield: 33.7)
Springfield Males Under 20: 17%
Springfield Females Under 20: 16%
Springfield Males 20 to 40: 14%
Springfield Females 20 to 40: 15%
Springfield Males 40 to 60: 11%
Springfield Females 40 to 60: 12%
Springfield Males Over 60: 6%
Springfield Females Over 60: 9%
Economics in Springfield
Springfield Household Average Size: 2.57 people
Springfield Median Household Income: $ 30,417
Springfield Median Value of Homes: $ 86,500
Law Enforcement in Springfield
Reported crimes in the Springfield area during 2003:
Murder and non-negligent man-slaughter: 15
Forcible rape: 115
Robbery: 847
Aggravated assault: 1,937
Violent crime events per 100,000 people: 1,917
Burglary: 2,647
Larceny-theft: 6,414
Motor vehicle theft: 2,567
Arson: 169
Property crime events per 100,000 people: 7,648
Springfield Location Information
Elevation: 70 feet above sea level.
Land Area: 32.1 Square Miles.
Water Area: 1.1 Square Miles.
Nearby Towns & Cities to Springfield
Springfield">West Springfield 1.6 Miles
Agawam 2.6 Miles
Chicopee 3.4 Miles
Longmeadow 3.6 Miles
Sherwood Manor 6.2 Miles
Holyoke 7.2 Miles
Thompsonville 7.2 Miles
Hazardville 8.2 Miles
Wilbraham 8.3 Miles
Westfield 8.4 Miles
Big Cities Nearest Springfield
(Population 100,000+)
Hartford 23.9 Miles
Worcester 41.9 Miles
Waterbury 44.5 Miles
New Haven 57.6 Miles
Providence 63.5 Miles
Bridgeport 72.0 Miles
Lowell 74.8 Miles
Cambridge 78.3 Miles
Boston 80.3 Miles
Manchester 84.7 Miles
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Facts
As a narcotic, hydrocodone relieves pain by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. It can be taken with or without food as desired. When taken with alcohol, it can intensify drowsiness. It may interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, as well as other drugs that cause drowsiness. It is in FDA pregnancy category C: its effect on an embryo or fetus is not clearly known and pregnant women should consult their physicians before taking it. Common side effects include dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, drowsiness, euphoria, vomiting, and constipation. Some less common side effects are allergic reaction, blood disorders, changes in mood, mental fogginess, anxiety, lethargy, difficulty urinating, spasm of the ureter, irregular or depressed respiration, and rash. Hydrocodone is habit-forming, and can lead to physical and psychological addiction; however, the potential for addiction varies from individual to individual depending on unique biological differences. Sales and production of this drug have increased significantly in recent years, as have diversion and illicit use. In the U.S., pure hydrocodone and forms containing more than 15 mg per dosage unit are considered Schedule II drugs. Those containing less than or equal to 15 mg per dosage unit in combination with acetaminophen or another non-controlled drug are called hydrocodone compounds and are considered Schedule III drugs. Hydrocodone is typically found in combination with other drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin, ibuprofen and homatropine methylbromide. The purpose of the non-controlled drugs in combination is often twofold. 1) To provide increased analgesia via drug synergy. 2) To limit the intake of hydrocodone by causing unpleasant and often unsafe side effects at higher than prescribed doses. In the UK it is listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Hydrocodone is not available in pure form in the United States due to a separate regulation, and is always sold with an NSAID, acetaminophen or an antihistamine. The cough preparation Codiclear DH is the purest US hydrocodone item, containing guaifenesin and small amounts of ethanol as active ingredients. In Germany and elsewhere, hydrocodone is available as single-active-ingredient tablets as Dicodid (by analogy to the original manufacturer's other products Dilaudid and Dinarkon and others) available in 5 and 10 mg strengths. Ignition interlocks are devices placed in cars that test sobriety before a car can be started. The driver breathes into the device, and if any alcohol is registered, the car will not start. Judges frequently order repeat offenders to install the devices in their cars for a period of time. Unfortunately, anyone who has a willing, sober accomplice can bypass an ignition interlock by just having the passenger breathe into the device. Several car companies are developing devices that would foil these cheaters. Possibilities include a detection system built into the steering wheel that could detect sobriety through the hands or an alcohol-sensing keychain. Anti-drunk driving organizations and insurance companies have been among the big supporters of such projects. The future of preventing drunk driving may be tied to technologies like these, but it is also in education and awareness. Some educators and lawyers complain that anti-drunk driving activism often turns into anti-alcohol activism. The key is drinking safely and in moderation -- remember that even one drink could lead to impairment while driving. Reaction time for motor skills, such as driving is reduced by 41% after smoking 1 joint and is reduced 63% after smoking 2 joints. The severity of alcohol-induced impairment depends on the amount of alcohol present in the bloodstream, which is based on a person's blood alcohol content (BAC) percentage. Most people begin to feel the effects of alcohol when their BAC ranges between 0.03% and 0.059%. At this point, the person feels mild euphoria, relaxation, and talkativeness, but he or she suffers from impaired alertness, judgment, coordination, and concentration. |
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Drug Overdose
A drug overdose occurs when you consume more drugs than your body can tolerate. Drug users are constantly flirting with the risk of a drug overdose. There is a
fine line between the high they're seeking and serious injury or death. While many victims of drug overdose recover without long term effects, there
can be serious consequences. Some drug overdoses cause the failure of major
organs like the kidneys or liver, or failure of whole systems like the
respiratory or circulatory systems. Patients who survive drug overdose may need
kidney dialysis, kidney or liver transplant, or ongoing care as a result of
heart failure, stroke, or coma. Death can occur in almost any drug overdose
situation, particularly if treatment is not started immediately.
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Drug Side Effects
Drug addiction and abuse comes with a heavy price. There are drastic drug side effects associated with drug misuse and abuse. Drug side effects from legal and illegal drugs can range from mild itching to comas and death. In addition to the physical drug side effects mentioned, there are many psychological drug side effects of drug abuse; the most serious being drug addiction and overdose.
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