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Despite the increased use of other drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, opioid abuse continues to be a major problem in the United States. Numerous investigators have reported the extremely high incidence of obstetrical and medical complications among street addicts, as well as the increase in medical conditions and death among their newborn infants. Insufficient data exist for measuring the long-term effects of maternal drug usage. Controversy exists on how best to prevent anti treat the adverse effects of addiction. It now seems clear, however, that providing comprehensive multidisciplinary drug-treatment services and prenatal care for addicts will significantly reduce the medical and psychological conditions and the death rate in both mothers and infants. Recommendations for treatment for drug-dependent women are multifaceted. The pregnant woman who abuses drugs must be designated as high risk; she warrants specialized care in a perinatal center where she can be provided with comprehensive addictive and obstetrical care and psychosocial counseling. Care must be provided in a supportive, proactive, and nonjudgmental fashion. The women must know that sharing of confidential information with health-care providers will not render them liable to criminal prosecution under state law statutes that define drug addiction in pregnancy as a form of fetal abuse. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a hallucinogen that is commonly referred to as "acid". It is manufactured from lysergic acid which is made from a fungus (ergotamine tartrate) that grows on rye and other grains. Pure LSD is a white, odourless and slightly bitter crystalline powder. It is very potent- pure LSD the size of a small pill is enough for approximately 3,000 doses. The National Drug Intelligence Center reports that surveys estimate that 3,091,000 United States residents tried Heroin at least once in the year 2002. The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse indicates that 2% of high school seniors are among this number and that at least 1% of them inject the drug. The typical marijuana experience is one of euphoria, heightened sensations of music and light, relaxation, and increased appetite. Sometimes, however, even the most experienced users will react differently. The drug can heighten anxiety and create PARANOIA—an uncomfortable feeling of danger or distress. When that happens, the user can do little but ride out the unpleasant experience, which usually happens within two to three hours. |
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Therapeutic Community
An effective therapeutic community attends to the many needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use. Care given at a therapeutic community addresses the individual's drug use and associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems. Also, a therapeutic community will continue to be flexible and provide ongoing assessments of the individual's needs, which may change during the course of care.
Remaining in care at a therapeutic community for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most people, the significant improvement is reached at about 3 months in treatment.
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Drug Rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is a place or program that an individual enters to treat a drug or alcohol addiction. Through therapy and education, the individual is restored to their former non-drug using self. They are then able to re-enter society clean and sober. There are many reasons why a person would need to attend a drug rehabilitation program. Some of the many reasons are: the inability to control their drinking or drug use, alienating their friends and family, problems with the law, and problems at work. Also, there are several different types of drug rehabilitation programs available: inpatient, outpatient, residential, short-term, and long-term.
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
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