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Heroin, LSD, crystal methamphetamine (ice), tranquilizers, and PCP were reported as readily available by smaller but still substantial minorities of 12th graders in 2007 (30%, 29%, 25%, 24%, and 21%, respectively). Many of the risk factors that may precipitate or exacerbate alcohol problems among older adults are different from those experienced by younger individuals. This section provides an overview of the various physiological, psychological, and socioemotional factors that are related to alcohol abuse in later adulthood. Older adults are more vulnerable to the negative effects of alcohol abuse due to the physiological changes related to aging. Alcohol is a water soluble drug; therefore, as total body water and lean body mass decrease with age, the blood-alcohol levels will increase when alcohol is consumed. In the older adult, this property of alcohol creates a greater sensitivity, causing him or her to experience negative consequences from the consumption of lesser amounts of alcohol compared with that of previous years. Also, slower rates of metabolism and slower excretion rates account for higher blood-alcohol levels among older adults. Older adults may not recognize these physiological changes and continue to drink at levels considered safe when they were younger. Almost two-thirds (63 percent) of high schooler's and one in five (21 percent) middle schoolers say drugs are used, kept or sold on their school grounds. The survey also found that 44 percent of high school students and 16 percent of middle school students know a place near their school, but off school grounds, where kids go to get high. Ninety-seven percent of all parents surveyed and 96 percent of parents who believe their teens’ schools are not drug free say it is important that their teen’s school be drug free. Yet 42 percent of parents think their teens’ school is not drug free, and only 39 percent of those parents believe making the school drug free is a realistic goal. One-third of parents believe that the presence of illegal drugs in their teen’s school does not make it more likely that their teen will try them. Although different drugs may have different effects on overall physical and mental health, the basic pattern is the same. Getting and using the drug becomes more and more important than anything else, including job, friends and family. The physical and emotional consequences of drug abuse and addiction also make it difficult to function, often impairing judgment to a dangerous level. |
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Drug Overdose
A drug overdose occurs when you consume more drugs than your body can tolerate. Drug users are constantly flirting with the risk of a drug overdose. There is a
fine line between the high they're seeking and serious injury or death. While many victims of drug overdose recover without long term effects, there
can be serious consequences. Some drug overdoses cause the failure of major
organs like the kidneys or liver, or failure of whole systems like the
respiratory or circulatory systems. Patients who survive drug overdose may need
kidney dialysis, kidney or liver transplant, or ongoing care as a result of
heart failure, stroke, or coma. Death can occur in almost any drug overdose
situation, particularly if treatment is not started immediately.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
Residential Treatment
Residential treatment offers intensive drug addiction help over a period of weeks or months. This form of treatment has some advantages over out-patient treatment, although it may not be suitable for everyone. For example, those who are responsible for caring for young children may be better suited to attendance at an out patient treatment program. Residential treatment offers a safe, drug and alcohol-free environment where individuals can confront their own drug addiction and associated issues, with the help of qualified staff. Therapy usually consists of a mixture of group counseling, individual counseling and an introduction to the principles of a drug recovery program.
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