



Facts
Young men not enrolled in college were the most common users of benzodiazepines in the year 2000. Young adults who were not in college were also more likely than college studients to use these drugs. Annual use of benzodiazepines was again most likely in young adult men who were not full-time college students(7.6%), followed by women who were not students(6.3%), compared with only 4.8% of full-time college males and only 3.8% of full-time college female students. Overall, the annual prevalence of the use of benzodiazepines in all young adults enrolled full-time in college was 4.2%, compared with 6.8% in young adults not enrolled in full-time college. According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1.47 million adolescents ages 12–17 (5.9 percent of adolescents in this age-group) met the criteria for alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse in 2003. However, the survey also showed that only 15 percent of these respondents received any treatment for alcohol problems. Blood Alcohol Content, or Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC), is the concentration of alcohol in the blood. It is measured as mass per volume, which means it determines how many grams of alcohol are present in 100 milliliters of blood. A BAC of .01% means that there are .01 grams of alcohol per 100 grams of an individual's blood, or .1 grams of alcohol per 1000 grams of blood. In some countries, BAC is measured in grams per liter of blood (g/L). The White House Conference for a Drug-Free America determined that "schools and local boards of education must establish and enforce policies and procedures for students, teachers, administrators, and staff that clearly forbid the sale, distribution, possession or use of all illicit drugs and alcohol on school property, or at school sponsored functions. Many schools have established standard responses to the use or sale of drugs, and others treat it on a case-bycase basis. Some handle drug abuse problems internally, never involving outside law enforcement. Punishment may be as lenient as a warning. In one study, students reported that police involvement would keep them from using the drugs that are readily available in their school. Accordingly, the schools that have been most effective at solving their drug problems are the ones that have instituted the strictest measures, including help from outside law enforcement, suspension, expulsion, and even forcing the student caught selling drugs to serve time at a corrective institution. |
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
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