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Herbal stimulants are pills that have been processed using natural herbs such as ephedra (or the synthetic version, ephedrine), epitonin, and ma huang. They are marketed to young people as a natural alternative to speed and Ecstasy. These herbs are found in diet and exercise products and in dance clubs, health food stores, and convenience stores under names like Ultimate Xphoria, Cloud 9, and Herbal Ecstacy, which spells ecstasy wrong on purpose. The owner of one organic herb shop worries that young people who want to stay away from hard-core drugs may turn to and abuse herbal stimulants. "They feel like it's safer, but guess what they're going to do"" she asks. "Take enough to hurt themselves and kill them." A major behavioral effect of cocaine in humans is its mood-altering effect, generally believed related to its potential for abuse. Traditionally, subjective effects have provided the basis for classifying a substance as having abuse potential—and the cocaine-engendered profile of subjective effects is prototypic of stimulant drugs of abuse. Thus, cocaine produces dose-related reports of "high," "liking," and "euphoria"; increases in stimulant-related factors, such as increases on Vigor and Friendliness scale scores; ratings of "stimulated"; and decreases in various sedation scores. Subjective effects correlate well with single intravenous or smoked doses of cocaine, peaking soon after administration and dissipating in parallel with decreasing plasma concentrations. When cocaine is administered repeatedly, tolerance develops rapidly to many of its subjective effects and the same dose no longer exerts much of an effect. This means that the user must take increasingly larger amounts of cocaine to achieve the same effect. Tolerance to the cardiovascular effects of cocaine is less complete; the result here is a potential for drug-induced toxicity, since more and more drug is taken when the subjective effects are not present but the disruptions in cardiovascular function are still present. Although users of stimulant drugs claim that their performance of many activities is improved by cocaine use, the data do not support their assertions. In general, cocaine has little effect on performance except under conditions in which performance has deteriorated from fatigue. Under those conditions, cocaine can bring it back to nonfatigue levels. This effect, however, is relatively short-lived, since cocaine has a half-life of less than one hour. Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or behavior-altering drugs is against the law in every state. Although laws, terms, and approaches vary from state to state, the consequences are always similar in their severity. Alcohol and drugs are known to alter a person's behavior, coordination, and thinking. Therefore, it is illegal to drive under such influence, as you greatly risk your own health and safety in addition to that of others. It may be suggested to enlist the help of a friend in sobriety, who is willing to set aside time to allow the person entering recovery to share and ‘talk through’ the ‘first step’ plan. Part of the healing process is becoming honest about previous choices, and their effects. (Many AA meetings consist of this principle.) An intensive out-patient treatment plan outlines the process of releasing shame and guilt, to beginning a new, more productive life. By the time a client has completed the plan they should be able to have a Greater Strength, they feel comfortable with, and may endeavour to obtain a sponsor for the completion of a rehabilitation program. |
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Relapse
Relapse is a term used to describe when an individual who has quit using drugs starts using once again. A relapse can mean just a one time use, a long term continues period of using or anything in between after a period of sobriety has taken place. An individual begins to experience a psychological relapse long before their first use after
quitting. Some things that can lead to relapse both physically or psychologically include: 1. Being in the presence of drugs or alcohol, drug or alcohol users, or places where you used or bought chemicals. 2. Feelings we perceive as negative, particularly anger; also sadness, loneliness, guilt, fear, and anxiety. 3. Positive feelings that make you want to celebrate by using. 4. Listening to others past drug use stories and just dwelling on getting high. 5. Believing that you no longer have to worry (complacent). That is, that you are no longer stimulated to crave drugs/alcohol by any of the above situations or by anything else – and therefore maybe it’s safe for you to use occasionally.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
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