




Facts
Initial withdrawal produces a craving for more opium, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, sneezing, a runny nose, and chills with goose bumps—the last of which gave rise to the term "cold turkey," meaning an abrupt abstinence. Muscle spasms, produce kicking movements, from which came the term "kicking the habit," meaning eliminating the habit. Major withdrawal symptoms peak between two and three days after the last dose and subside after about a week. Sudden withdrawals by heavily dependent users who are in poor health are occasionally fatal if the addicts fail to eat a healthy, balanced diet. A national survey found that more than half of women age 15-44 drank while pregnant. The rate of cocaine use dropped dramatically between 1985, when it was as high as 3%, and 1992, when it had dropped to 0.7%. The rate did not change significantly through 1998, though there has been a slight increase since 1998. Demand in North America remains strong, although some abuse indicators suggest demand for heroin is starting to decrease. The introduction of high-purity Colombian heroin produced a new generation of heroin addicts since the drug can be snorted like cocaine rather than injected. Nearly the entire supply of heroin to the United States originates in Mexico and Colombia. Data from DEA’s 2005 Domestic Monitor Program, a street-level indicator program, indicates 96 percent of the heroin originates in Colombia or Mexico. Most of the heroin from Southwest Asia is trafficked by West African criminal organizations. |
Intervention
An intervention is when a group of loved ones and/or a trained intervention counselor meets with the person in need of help for the purpose of breaking down their denial and motivating them to immediately seek drug addiction treatment. Often, individuals in the midst of drug addiction engage in a variety of self destructive behaviors. Although baffling to friends and family members such people generally either aren't aware on a conscious level that they have a drug addiction problem, or even when they know they have a problem they may cling to the false belief that the problem will somehow go away without any outside help. When an intervention is held a moment of clarity is created
for the addict. Most people struggling with the problem of drug or alcohol
addiction will accept help the very day of the intervention.
Tolerance
Tolerance to a drug takes place when an individual is exposed to the same drug repeatedly and begins to build up an resistance to the drugs effects. The body then adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. The addiction that is produced is so powerful that it creates cravings in the user. These cravings for the drug are the result of its impact on the individual's memory with feelings of pleasantness and euphoria which the individual has come to associate with the taking of the drug.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Dependence
Dependence is the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug dependence is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. There are some substances that don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence (for example, some blood pressure medications) and substances that cause addiction but not classic physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, it does not have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it is mainly characterized by depression).
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