



Facts
The levels of hydromorphone usually peak in the body about 45 minutes after oral administration of the drug. Injections into muscle produce effects within 15 to 30 minutes and reach peak levels between one-half to one and one-half hours later. The duration of effect usually lasts four to five hours. The actual amount of hydromorphone prescribed or administered depends on a variety of factors, including age, the degree of pain, the amount of opioid tolerance, and the body mass of the patient. Hydromorphone produces pain-relieving qualities in the central nervous system. It also tends to produce a euphoric feeling in the user. Negative effects by way of the central nervous system include decreased blood pressure and slowed breathing. Hydromorphone slows down the processes of the gastrointestinal tract and commonly causes constipation. Patients taking hydromorphone need to increase water and fiber intake to prevent and treat constipation. Detox, short for detoxification, is only the first phase in addiction treatment. Most people, due to the length and severity of use, develop a physical and psychological dependency on their drug of choice (including alcohol). When you abruptly discontinue your use, you begin to experience the onset of drug or alcohol withdrawal symptoms. These initial drug or alcohol withdrawal symptoms may include sweats, cramping, constipation and anxiety or can be as medically complex as seizures, convulsions or delirium tremors. The risks associated with suddenly discontinuing use are far too great to be done without medical supervision in an inpatient detoxification program. Craving, defined as an intense and often irrepressible urge to seek and consume the drug, resulting in relapse even after extended periods of abstinence, is one of the most malignant and treatment resistant features of cocaine dependence. Using national data on alcohol and drug use among high school seniors from 1976 - 1987, one study found a decrease in marijuana use associated with increases in the MLPA. |
Addiction Treatment
Addiction treatment is needed when an individual finds that they have developed a drug or alcohol addiction which they are not able to successful end on their own. With the help of addiction treatment, addicted individual can get help to control their drug taking behavior and live happy and successful lives. There are several addiction treatment options available for drug and alcohol addiction. Some of these options include self-help groups, counseling, drug rehabilitation programs (in and out-patient), and residential treatment facilities. Each of these differ
in their aims and outcomes and elements of these addiction treatment options are often
combined.
Residential Treatment
Residential treatment offers intensive drug addiction help over a period of weeks or months. This form of treatment has some advantages over out-patient treatment, although it may not be suitable for everyone. For example, those who are responsible for caring for young children may be better suited to attendance at an out patient treatment program. Residential treatment offers a safe, drug and alcohol-free environment where individuals can confront their own drug addiction and associated issues, with the help of qualified staff. Therapy usually consists of a mixture of group counseling, individual counseling and an introduction to the principles of a drug recovery program.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a pattern of repeated drug taking that usually results in tolerance (the need for greater amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect), withdrawal (physical and cognitive effects when drug use declines or stops), and compulsive drug taking behavior (drug taking that persists despite efforts to reduce intake and despite problems with family, friends, and work). Drug addiction encompasses a diverse range of drugs (such as alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine) and is caused by many different factors.
Sobriety
Sobriety means the moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs. When an individual with an addiction problem enters drug rehabilitation, their main goal is to attain long term sobriety. Unfortunately, sometimes drug addicts and alcoholics find they are able to sustain short periods of sobriety followed by a drug or alcohol relapse. This is why attending a drug or alcohol rehab will help the individual maintain their focus on sobriety. Often, it is only by getting help that individuals with severe drug addiction problems are able to achieve lasting sobriety.
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