




Facts
Because of the effects of methamphetamine on users and the dangers of production, the risk of child maltreatment is high. Children whose parents use or manufacture methamphetamine may experience neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional maltreatment. Child welfare workers need to understand the scope of maltreatment that children of methamphetamine using caregivers may face to conduct a thorough family and safety assessment and plan for appropriate intervention. Family Structure: Family structure refers to the composition of the family, such as single- or two-parent families, the number of children, the number of years between siblings, birth order, and whether the family members are males or females. Research on drug abuse has looked at single-parent, disorganized families, in which the parent is unable to clearly play the role of the head of the family in terms of caregiving, rule making, and consistent discipline. Children in these single-parent, disorganized families tend to try drugs and alcohol at an earlier age than do children in traditional nuclear families (those in which two parents are present). Drug and alcohol abuse is also more common among these children. Of course a great number of single-parent families are as secure as two-parent families, and in such cases there is no link between the single-parent structure and adolescent drug use. Children who have no siblings appear to be at least risk for drug abuse, while children from families with six or more siblings are at greater risk. There seem to be fewer cases of drug abuse involving first-born children compared with the number of cases involving subsequent, especially last-born, children. Some researchers argue that family structural factors do not add much to the understanding of drug-abuse behavior. More important risks for children, they suggest, lie in how the family operates and the quality of life within the family. For example, in a family where the husband and wife have hostile feelings for each other, divorce may be a healthy way to end the conflict and tension. If the divorce does not disturb the child's development—the natural steps a child takes in the process of growing up—then the parents' breakup may lead to better overall family relations. In such a case, divorce alone does not have a negative impact in terms of a child trying and using drugs. Following divorce, most children experience a brief period of adjustment. The age of the children, the gender, the parent with whom they live after the divorce, and the quality of life in the home after the divorce all affect how well and how quickly children adjust. Depending on family relationships, children being raised in single- parent households can be expected to cope with problems as well as children from two-parent households. Cocaine trends across the United States are indicators of the rate of cocaine abuse, cocaine addiction, domestic violence, and child abuse. The cocaine trends for each state has a direct correlation to the amount of cocaine seized by federal authorities. Below are the federal cocaine seizures for each individual state. These statistics for each state's federal cocaine seizures provides current information on which states have the largest cocaine trafficing problems. About 10.1 million persons age 12 to 20 years reported current use of alcohol in 2001. This number represents 28.5 percent of this age group for whom alcohol is an illicit substance. Of this number, nearly 6.8 million, or 19.0 percent, were binge drinkers and 2.1 million, or 6.0 percent, were heavy drinkers. In 2001, more than 1 in 10 Americans, or 25.1 million persons, reported driving under the influence of alcohol at least once in the 12 months prior to the interview. The rate of driving under the influence of alcohol increased from 10.0 to 11.1 percent between 2000 and 2001. Among young adults age 18 to 25 years, 22.8 percent, drove under the influence of alcohol. An estimated 66.5 million Americans 12 years or older reported current use of a tobacco product in 2001. This number represents 29.5 percent of the population. Youth cigarette use in 2001 was slightly below the rate for 2000, continuing a downward trend since 1999. Rates of youth cigarette use were 14.9 percent in 1999, 13.4 percent in 2000, and 13.0 percent in 2001. The annual number of new daily smokers age 12 to 17 decreased from 1.1 million in 1997 to 747,000 in 2000. This translates into a reduction from 3,000 to 2,000 in the number of new youth smokers per day. |
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a condition that includes craving and continued alcohol abuse despite repeated drinking-related problems, such as losing a job or getting into trouble with the law. It includes four major areas: Craving: - A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Impaired control: -The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependence: -Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. Tolerance: - The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.
Addiction
Addiction is one of the many consequences of so-called 'casual' drug and alcohol abuse. A loss of control over drugs and alcohol can be driven by physical or psychological factors, or sometimes both. Physical addiction takes place when the body comes to need a drug to function normally. If it is not taken, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms occur. The only way to avoid this is to take more of the drug. Psychological addiction takes place when an individual comes to rely on a drug to supply good feelings, such as relaxation, self-confidence, self esteem, and freedom from anxiety. This is not just a casual desire, it's a powerful compulsion.
Withdrawal
Withdrawal is what happens when a person who is addicted to drugs or alcohol discontinues use. There are numerous symptoms that take place both physically and emotionally when an addicted individual stops using. Withdrawal can last a few days to a few weeks and may include nausea or vomiting, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety. Keep in mind; this only occurs if a person has regular, heavy use of a drug or alcohol. Withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable without professional help. Treatment for withdrawal from alcohol or drugs may require a medical professional to be present. Drug and alcohol rehabilitation is often the best way to overcome withdrawal and its symptoms as well as recovery from drug addiction.
Residential Treatment
Residential treatment offers intensive drug addiction help over a period of weeks or months. This form of treatment has some advantages over out-patient treatment, although it may not be suitable for everyone. For example, those who are responsible for caring for young children may be better suited to attendance at an out patient treatment program. Residential treatment offers a safe, drug and alcohol-free environment where individuals can confront their own drug addiction and associated issues, with the help of qualified staff. Therapy usually consists of a mixture of group counseling, individual counseling and an introduction to the principles of a drug recovery program.
Detox
Detox is necessary when an individual through their chronic use of drugs or alcohol has developed an addiction. The objective of detox is to help the individual achieve a drug and alcohol free state. Detox is intended to relieve the physical symptoms of withdrawal and helps prepare the individual for entry into drug rehabilitation. Therefore, the ultimate goal of detox is preparation for long term recovery from drug and alcohol addiction.
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